Products of projective S-Systems

The tree main results of this paper deal with the generating vectors of simple infinite and finite dimesional modules arising as composition factors of the Kac modules K↓ G ₀ and K of the Lie superalgebra sl(m/n).     

Muonium formation in xenon and argon up to 60 atmospheres

Results of muon polarization studies in xenon and argon up to 60 atm are reported. In argon for pressures up to 10 atm, the muon polarization is best explained by an epithermalcharge exchange model. Above this pressure, the decrease inP _D and increase inP _L are ascribed to charge neutralization and spin exchange reactions, respectively, in the radiolysis track. Measurements with Xe/He mixtures with a xenon pressure of 1 atm indicate that the lost polarization in the pure xenon at this pressure is due to inefficient moderation of the muon. As the pressure in pure xenon is increased above 10 atm, we find thatP _L remains roughly constant andP _D begins to increase. The lost fraction may be due to the formation of a XeMu Van der Waals type complex, whileP _D is ascribed to XeMu⁺ formation. This suggests that spur processes appear to be less important in xenon than in argon.     

meta-Benzenotetratetrazolophanes

A route to meta-benzenocyclophanes containing four tetrazole rings in the macrocycle is described.     

Creating second-order nonlinearity in pure synthetic silica optical fibers by thermal poling

A twin-hole optical fiber with pure synthetic silicate glass between the two electrode holes was thermally poled. The induced second-order nonlinearity (SON) was located at the core-cladding interface sections that were nearly parallel to the poling electric field. The polarization dependence of the induced SON suggests that nonlinearity was due to the presence of a space-charge field, which was probably formed by electron migration among the defects located at the core-cladding interface. The magnitude of the induced SON was measured to be approximately 0.06 pm /V.     

The complex synthesis and solid state chemistry of ceria-lanthana solid solutions prepared via a hexamethylenetetramine precipitation

Mixed oxide solid solutions are becoming ever more commercially important across a range of applications. However, their synthesis can be problematical. Here, we show that ceria-lanthana solid solutions can be readily prepared via simple precipitation using hexamethylenetetramine. However, the solution chemistry can be complex, which results in the precipitated particles having a complex structure and morphology. Great care must be taken in both the synthesis and characterisation to quantify the complexity of the product. Even very high heat treatments were not able to produce highly homogeneous materials and X-ray diffractions reveals the non-equilibrium form of particles prepared in this way. Unexpected crystal structures are revealed including a new metastable cubic La₂O₃ phase.     

Pd-catalyzed α-arylation of nitriles and esters and γ-arylation of unsaturated nitriles with TMPZnCl·LiCl

Using TMPZnCl·LiCl as a kinetically highly active base, nitriles and esters undergo a Pd-catalyzed α-arylation under mild conditions. Remarkably, in the case of α,β- or β,γ-unsaturated nitriles, a regioselective γ-arylation or a γ-alkenylation is observed.     

Alkenenitrile Transmissive Olefination: Synthesis of the Putative Lignan "Morinol I"

Grignard reagents trigger an addition-elimination with α'-hydroxy acrylonitriles to selectively generate Z-alkenenitriles. The modular assembly of Z-alkenenitriles from a Grignard reagent, acrylonitrile, and an aldehyde is ideal for stereoselectively synthesizing alkenes as illustrated in the synthesis of the putative lignan "morinol I."